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1 applied artificial intelligence
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > applied artificial intelligence
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2 applied artificial intelligence
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > applied artificial intelligence
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3 applied artificial intelligence
Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > applied artificial intelligence
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4 applied artificial intelligence
Англо-русский словарь по робототехнике > applied artificial intelligence
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5 artificial intelligence
= AIискусственный интеллект, ИИмеждисциплинарное направление научных исследований и понятие, используемое в связи с разработкой интеллектуальных компьютерных систем, такими направлениями как экспертные системы, автоматическое доказательство теорем, распознавание образов, машинное зрение, робототехника, понимание естественных языков и др., т. е. систем, обладающих возможностями, которые мы традиционно приписываем человеческому разуму, - хранить знания и эффективно их применять. Термин ввёл разработчик языка Lisp Джон Маккарти (John McCarthy) летом 1956 г. на конференции в Дартмутском колледже (шт. Нью-Гемпшир) вместо предложенного в 1950 г. Аланом Тьюрингом термина computer intelligence (компьютерный интеллект). "В английском языке данное словосочетание не имеет той слегка фантастической антропоморфной окраски, которую оно приобрело в довольно неудачном русском переводе. Слово intelligence означает "умение рассуждать разумно", а вовсе не "интеллект", для которого есть английский аналог: intellect" (Т.А. Гаврилова). Современный ИИ делится на множество различных направлений, из которых два стратегические - прикладной, или слабый, ИИ (applied AI) и сильный ИИ (strong AI).Syn:Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > artificial intelligence
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6 applied AI
(applied artificial intelligence) прикладной ИИиспользование компьютеров и ПО для исследования возможностей решения (или для решения) конкретных научных или логических задач, которые не выходят за рамки познавательных способностей человека. Большинство современных систем ИИ относится к этой категории.Syn:Англо-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > applied AI
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7 прикладная система искусственного интеллекта
Mechanics: applied artificial intelligenceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > прикладная система искусственного интеллекта
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8 AIS
1) Компьютерная техника: Accelerated Indexing System, Adaptive Intelligent System, Amadeus Information System, Automated Indexing System, Automated Information Systems, advanced ionospheric sounder, airborn imaging spectrometer2) Авиация: Air Information Service, Anti Ice Sensor3) Медицина: Abbreviated Injury Scale, adenocarcinoma in situ (аденокарцинома in situ), ASIA Impairment Scale5) Военный термин: ADN Interface Simulator, Accountable Instruction System, Advanced Indication System, Advanced Indications Structure, Advanced Indications System, Advanced Instructional Systems, Adversary Information System, Air Intelligence Service, Air Intelligence Squadron, Airborne Intelligence System, Army Industrial School, Army Infantry School, Army Information System, Army Intelligence School, Army Intelligence Survey, Army intelligence and security, Army intelligence summary, Artillery Intelligence School, Audio Intercommunications System, Automated Indicator System, Automatic Identification System, Autonomous Intelligence Submunition, action information system, administrative information system, advanced instructional system, air intelligence section, air intelligence summary, aircraft inspection system, aircraft instrument subsystem, alternate interim successor, artificial intelligence system, avionics intermediate shop6) Техника: Air Force intelligence service, Automatic Intercity Station, accumulator injection system, acoustic image system, advanced isotope separation, airborne imaging spectrometer, airborne infrared spectrometer, airborne instrumentation system, airlock illumination subassembly, analog instrumentation subsystem, automated instrumentation system, автоматическая система опознавания7) Юридический термин: Ask In Silence8) Бухгалтерия: Accounting Information Systems, accounting information system, система учётной информации (accounting information system)9) Страхование: Associate in Insurance Services10) Автомобильный термин: automatic idle speed, air injection system (Chrysler)11) Металлургия: альтернативное металлургическое сырье (alternative iron sources)12) Оптика: acoustic imaging system13) Телекоммуникации: Alarm Indication Signal, «все единицы»14) Сокращение: Academic Instructor School (USA), Acoustic Intercept System, Action / Automated Information System, Active Interference Suppression, Address Information System, Advanced / Airborne Instrumentation Subsystem/System, Aeronautical Information Service, Aircraft Information Subsystem, Attitude Indicating System, Avionics Integrated Support, Association of Industrial Scientists, Automatic Intercept System, автоматизированная система идентификации (Automated Identification System (NCIC))15) Университет: Academic Information Systems, Academic Intervention Services, Adventures In Supercomputing16) Физиология: Artificial Immune System17) Электроника: Adhesive Interconnect System, САР, система автоматического распознавания18) Вычислительная техника: Account Information Security, Autonomous Intelligent System, Applied Information Sciences (Hersteller), Applied Information Systems (Hersteller), Alarm Indication Signal (UNI, ATM, OAM, DS3/E3)19) Транспорт: Advanced Inland Security, Air Idle Speed, Air Intake Sensor20) Воздухоплавание: Altitude Indication System21) Фирменный знак: Akita Interpretation Service, American Information Systems, American Internet Services, Atlantic Information Services, Inc.22) Деловая лексика: Advanced Inventory System23) Образование: Activity In School24) Сетевые технологии: Application Integration Suite, automated information system, (Alarm Indication Signal) сигнал аварийной индикации25) Программирование: Ascii Individual Stream26) Химическое оружие: acceptable intake for subchronic exposure27) Золотодобыча: (accounting information system) система обработки учётных данных28) Расширение файла: Array of Intensity Samples Graphics file, Automated Identification System (NCIC)29) SAP.тех. информационная система архива30) Нефть и газ: распределительное устройство с воздушной изоляцией31) Общественная организация: Alzheimer's Information Site, American Indian Services32) Должность: Administrative Information Services -
9 ais
1) Компьютерная техника: Accelerated Indexing System, Adaptive Intelligent System, Amadeus Information System, Automated Indexing System, Automated Information Systems, advanced ionospheric sounder, airborn imaging spectrometer2) Авиация: Air Information Service, Anti Ice Sensor3) Медицина: Abbreviated Injury Scale, adenocarcinoma in situ (аденокарцинома in situ), ASIA Impairment Scale5) Военный термин: ADN Interface Simulator, Accountable Instruction System, Advanced Indication System, Advanced Indications Structure, Advanced Indications System, Advanced Instructional Systems, Adversary Information System, Air Intelligence Service, Air Intelligence Squadron, Airborne Intelligence System, Army Industrial School, Army Infantry School, Army Information System, Army Intelligence School, Army Intelligence Survey, Army intelligence and security, Army intelligence summary, Artillery Intelligence School, Audio Intercommunications System, Automated Indicator System, Automatic Identification System, Autonomous Intelligence Submunition, action information system, administrative information system, advanced instructional system, air intelligence section, air intelligence summary, aircraft inspection system, aircraft instrument subsystem, alternate interim successor, artificial intelligence system, avionics intermediate shop6) Техника: Air Force intelligence service, Automatic Intercity Station, accumulator injection system, acoustic image system, advanced isotope separation, airborne imaging spectrometer, airborne infrared spectrometer, airborne instrumentation system, airlock illumination subassembly, analog instrumentation subsystem, automated instrumentation system, автоматическая система опознавания7) Юридический термин: Ask In Silence8) Бухгалтерия: Accounting Information Systems, accounting information system, система учётной информации (accounting information system)9) Страхование: Associate in Insurance Services10) Автомобильный термин: automatic idle speed, air injection system (Chrysler)11) Металлургия: альтернативное металлургическое сырье (alternative iron sources)12) Оптика: acoustic imaging system13) Телекоммуникации: Alarm Indication Signal, «все единицы»14) Сокращение: Academic Instructor School (USA), Acoustic Intercept System, Action / Automated Information System, Active Interference Suppression, Address Information System, Advanced / Airborne Instrumentation Subsystem/System, Aeronautical Information Service, Aircraft Information Subsystem, Attitude Indicating System, Avionics Integrated Support, Association of Industrial Scientists, Automatic Intercept System, автоматизированная система идентификации (Automated Identification System (NCIC))15) Университет: Academic Information Systems, Academic Intervention Services, Adventures In Supercomputing16) Физиология: Artificial Immune System17) Электроника: Adhesive Interconnect System, САР, система автоматического распознавания18) Вычислительная техника: Account Information Security, Autonomous Intelligent System, Applied Information Sciences (Hersteller), Applied Information Systems (Hersteller), Alarm Indication Signal (UNI, ATM, OAM, DS3/E3)19) Транспорт: Advanced Inland Security, Air Idle Speed, Air Intake Sensor20) Воздухоплавание: Altitude Indication System21) Фирменный знак: Akita Interpretation Service, American Information Systems, American Internet Services, Atlantic Information Services, Inc.22) Деловая лексика: Advanced Inventory System23) Образование: Activity In School24) Сетевые технологии: Application Integration Suite, automated information system, (Alarm Indication Signal) сигнал аварийной индикации25) Программирование: Ascii Individual Stream26) Химическое оружие: acceptable intake for subchronic exposure27) Золотодобыча: (accounting information system) система обработки учётных данных28) Расширение файла: Array of Intensity Samples Graphics file, Automated Identification System (NCIC)29) SAP.тех. информационная система архива30) Нефть и газ: распределительное устройство с воздушной изоляцией31) Общественная организация: Alzheimer's Information Site, American Indian Services32) Должность: Administrative Information Services -
10 strong AI
сильный ИИнаправление в развитии ИИ (AI, artificial intelligence), ставящее своей целью создание искусственного интеллекта, сравнимого с интеллектом человека или превосходящим его; компьютер с сильным ИИ должен быть в состоянии решать любую интеллектуальную задачу, которую только способен решить человек. Это также любимая тема авторов научно-фантастической литературы и футуристов. Сильный ИИ называют также искусственным общим интеллектом (artificial general intelligence) или способностью решать общие интеллектуальные задачи (general intelligent action). В научной фантастике сильный ИИ ассоциируется с такими чертами человека, как разум, сознание (consciousness), чувствительность (sentience), мудрость, рассудительность (sapience) и самосознание, самоосмысление (self-awareness)см. тж. applied AIАнгло-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > strong AI
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11 Mind
It becomes, therefore, no inconsiderable part of science... to know the different operations of the mind, to separate them from each other, to class them under their proper heads, and to correct all that seeming disorder in which they lie involved when made the object of reflection and inquiry.... It cannot be doubted that the mind is endowed with several powers and faculties, that these powers are distinct from one another, and that what is really distinct to the immediate perception may be distinguished by reflection and, consequently, that there is a truth and falsehood which lie not beyond the compass of human understanding. (Hume, 1955, p. 22)Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white Paper, void of all Characters, without any Ideas: How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store, which the busy and boundless Fancy of Man has painted on it, with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of Reason and Knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from Experience. (Locke, quoted in Herrnstein & Boring, 1965, p. 584)The kind of logic in mythical thought is as rigorous as that of modern science, and... the difference lies, not in the quality of the intellectual process, but in the nature of things to which it is applied.... Man has always been thinking equally well; the improvement lies, not in an alleged progress of man's mind, but in the discovery of new areas to which it may apply its unchanged and unchanging powers. (Leґvi-Strauss, 1963, p. 230)MIND. A mysterious form of matter secreted by the brain. Its chief activity consists in the endeavor to ascertain its own nature, the futility of the attempt being due to the fact that it has nothing but itself to know itself with. (Bierce, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 55)[Philosophy] understands the foundations of knowledge and it finds these foundations in a study of man-as-knower, of the "mental processes" or the "activity of representation" which make knowledge possible. To know is to represent accurately what is outside the mind, so to understand the possibility and nature of knowledge is to understand the way in which the mind is able to construct such representation.... We owe the notion of a "theory of knowledge" based on an understanding of "mental processes" to the seventeenth century, and especially to Locke. We owe the notion of "the mind" as a separate entity in which "processes" occur to the same period, and especially to Descartes. We owe the notion of philosophy as a tribunal of pure reason, upholding or denying the claims of the rest of culture, to the eighteenth century and especially to Kant, but this Kantian notion presupposed general assent to Lockean notions of mental processes and Cartesian notions of mental substance. (Rorty, 1979, pp. 3-4)Under pressure from the computer, the question of mind in relation to machine is becoming a central cultural preoccupation. It is becoming for us what sex was to Victorians-threat, obsession, taboo, and fascination. (Turkle, 1984, p. 313)7) Understanding the Mind Remains as Resistant to Neurological as to Cognitive AnalysesRecent years have been exciting for researchers in the brain and cognitive sciences. Both fields have flourished, each spurred on by methodological and conceptual developments, and although understanding the mechanisms of mind is an objective shared by many workers in these areas, their theories and approaches to the problem are vastly different....Early experimental psychologists, such as Wundt and James, were as interested in and knowledgeable about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system as about the young science of the mind. However, the experimental study of mental processes was short-lived, being eclipsed by the rise of behaviorism early in this century. It was not until the late 1950s that the signs of a new mentalism first appeared in scattered writings of linguists, philosophers, computer enthusiasts, and psychologists.In this new incarnation, the science of mind had a specific mission: to challenge and replace behaviorism. In the meantime, brain science had in many ways become allied with a behaviorist approach.... While behaviorism sought to reduce the mind to statements about bodily action, brain science seeks to explain the mind in terms of physiochemical events occurring in the nervous system. These approaches contrast with contemporary cognitive science, which tries to understand the mind as it is, without any reduction, a view sometimes described as functionalism.The cognitive revolution is now in place. Cognition is the subject of contemporary psychology. This was achieved with little or no talk of neurons, action potentials, and neurotransmitters. Similarly, neuroscience has risen to an esteemed position among the biological sciences without much talk of cognitive processes. Do the fields need each other?... [Y]es because the problem of understanding the mind, unlike the wouldbe problem solvers, respects no disciplinary boundaries. It remains as resistant to neurological as to cognitive analyses. (LeDoux & Hirst, 1986, pp. 1-2)Since the Second World War scientists from different disciplines have turned to the study of the human mind. Computer scientists have tried to emulate its capacity for visual perception. Linguists have struggled with the puzzle of how children acquire language. Ethologists have sought the innate roots of social behaviour. Neurophysiologists have begun to relate the function of nerve cells to complex perceptual and motor processes. Neurologists and neuropsychologists have used the pattern of competence and incompetence of their brain-damaged patients to elucidate the normal workings of the brain. Anthropologists have examined the conceptual structure of cultural practices to advance hypotheses about the basic principles of the mind. These days one meets engineers who work on speech perception, biologists who investigate the mental representation of spatial relations, and physicists who want to understand consciousness. And, of course, psychologists continue to study perception, memory, thought and action.... [W]orkers in many disciplines have converged on a number of central problems and explanatory ideas. They have realized that no single approach is likely to unravel the workings of the mind: it will not give up its secrets to psychology alone; nor is any other isolated discipline-artificial intelligence, linguistics, anthropology, neurophysiology, philosophy-going to have any greater success. (Johnson-Laird, 1988, p. 7)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Mind
См. также в других словарях:
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